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Topical Retinaldehyde
Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:43-8.
Repair of UVA-induced elastic fiber and collagen damage by 0.05% retinaldehyde cream in an ex vivo human skin model.
Boisnic S, Branchet-Gumila MC, Le Charpentier Y, Segard C.
Department of Pathology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
BACKGROUND: Cellular effects of UV exposure are implicated in cutaneous aging. UV radiations induce structural and cellular changes in all the compartments of skin. AIM: To study the antiaging efficacy of a cream containing 0.05% retinaldehyde with an ex vivo technique using human skin in order to approximate in vivo metabolic conditions.
METHODS: Human skin explants were maintained alive in organ culture for 18 days and subjected to UVA exposure, thus simulating skin photoaging. Retinaldehyde cream was then applied to the surface of the epidermis for 2 weeks and the results were compared with those of nontreated skin explants. Dermal repair was analyzed histologically with quantification of collagen and elastic fibers, and biochemically by the measure of newly synthesized collagen as shown by adding tritiated proline to the culture medium.
RESULTS: UVA exposure induced significant alterations of collagen and elastic fibers as shown by morphometric analysis. In all UVA-exposed and then retinaldehyde-treated skin specimens, collagen and elastic fibers were restored to the level of nonexposed skin. UVA exposure induced a decrease in collagen synthesis, whereas in retinaldehyde-treated UVA-exposed skin the synthesis was similar to that of unexposed skin.
CONCLUSION: It has been shown that retinaldehyde has many of the properties of tretinoin in its biological and beneficial effects on photoaging. We have verified some of these previous observations, especially on dermal connective tissue, by obtaining significant repair of elastic fibers and collagen alteration induced by UVA exposure.
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J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Dec;39(6):960-5.
Profilometric evaluation of photodamage after topical retinaldehyde and retinoic acid treatment.
Creidi P, Vienne M, Ochonisky S, Lauze C, Turlier V, Lagarde J, Dupuy P.
Department of Functional Dermatology, University Hospital, Besançon, France.
OBJECTIVE: We compared the activity and tolerance profile of a 0.05% retinaldehyde cream with a 0.05% retinoic acid cream and the retinaldehyde vehicle in patients with photodamaged skin of the face.
METHODS: A silicone replica of the left crow's feet area was taken at baseline and at weeks 18 and 44. Skin replicas were then analyzed by means of an optical profilometry technique. Standard wrinkle and roughness features were then calculated and statistically analyzed. The tolerance profile of the test products was also clinically evaluated during the entire study.
RESULTS: A total of 125 patients (40 in the retinoic acid group, 40 in the retinaldehyde group, and 45 in the vehicle group) were studied. At week 18, a significant reduction of the wrinkle and roughness features was observed with both retinaldehyde and retinoic acid. At week 44, a less pronounced reduction was demonstrated in both active groups. No statistically significant changes were observed with the retinaldehyde vehicle at any assessment point. A total of 135 patients constituted the safety population. Retinaldehyde was well tolerated during the entire study. In contrast, retinoic acid caused more local irritation, and affected compliance of the patients.
CONCLUSION: Retinaldehyde was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with photodamage.
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Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:19-24.
Biological activities of topical retinaldehyde.
Didierjean L, Tran C, Sorg O, Saurat JH.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
BACKGROUND: We had hypothesised that retinaldehyde (RAL) should be an interesting precursor for topical use. AIM: We review our observations about its biological activities.
METHODS: We performed pilot studies to explore its biological effects and tolerability in human skin and compared the effects of topical RAL to that of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in the mouse tail test.
RESULTS: The biological activities of RAL were found to be qualitatively identical to that of RA: (i) induction of cellular RA-binding protein type 2 mRNA and protein, (ii) increase in epidermal proliferation (increase in DNA synthesis, epidermal thickness, induction of 50-kD keratin mRNA and reduction in 70-kD keratin mRNA), and (iii) metaplastic effects (induction of orthokeratosis, reduction of 65-kD keratin mRNA, increase in filaggrin and loricrin mRNAs). When associated with RAL, citral (known for its capacity to inhibit the oxidation of retinol to RA in epidermis) counteracted the effects induced by RAL indicating that RAL exerts biological activities through transformation to RA. Hypothesizing that keratinocytes would metabolize 9-cis-RAL to 9-cis-RA, we compared the biological effects induced by topical 9-cis-RAL and found that hyperplastic and metaplastic responses were lower than those induced by all-trans-RAL or all-trans-RA at similar concentrations. This suggests that 9-cis-RAL has no advantage over all-trans-RAL for specific delivery of natural retinoids into the skin. As in clinical studies conducted in human skin, we also found topical RAL less irritant than RA.
CONCLUSION: These studies indicate that topical RAL has biological activity and is well tolerated.
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Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:49-52.
Clinical use of topical retinaldehyde on photoaged skin.
Creidi P, Humbert P.
Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Besançon, France.
BACKGROUND: Retinaldehyde, the natural precursor of retinoic acid, should exert similar effects on photoaged skin.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy and safety of topical retinaldehyde on photoaged skin.
METHODS: Open and controlled clinical studies using image analysis of silicone skin replicas.
RESULTS: Retinaldehyde proved efficient and safe.
CONCLUSION: Retinaldehyde is efficient and well tolerated for the improvement of the signs of photoaging.
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Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:37-41.
Efficacy of topical 0.05% retinaldehyde in skin aging by ultrasound and rheological techniques.
Diridollou S, Vienne MP, Alibert M, Aquilina C, Briant A, Dahan S, Denis P, Launais B, Turlier V, Dupuy P.
Jean-Louis Alibert Center, Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Toulouse, France.
BACKGROUND: The natural precursor of retinoic acid, i.e. retinaldehyde, has been proven to exert retinoid activities.
AIM AND METHODS: The aim of this prospective instrument study was to determine the effect of topical retinaldehyde 0.05% on the physical properties of aging skin. This was performed using two devices, namely a high-resolution (70-80 microm) ultrasound scanner, which visualizes the thickness of both the epidermis and the dermis, and an echorheometer, which assesses the stiffness and elasticity of the skin by suction. In a 1-year study, 21 patients applied retinaldehyde cream 0.05% on the face, while another group of 19 volunteers were only treated with an emollient (control group). Epidermal and dermal thicknesses were measured on the forehead and temple, and stiffness and elasticity were measured on the forehead only. All the instrumental parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, retinaldehyde treatment induced a significant increase in epidermal thickness of the temple, as well as in cutaneous elasticity (p < 0. 01). Similarly, retinaldehyde treatment tended to increase dermal thickness and reduce cutaneous stiffness, but no statistical difference could be observed between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results further suggest that retinaldehyde has counteracting effects on skin aging.
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Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:57-60.
Tolerance profile of retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid under maximized and long-term clinical conditions.
Fluhr JW, Vienne MP, Lauze C, Dupuy P, Gehring W, Gloor M.
Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Germany. JFluhr@compuserve.com
BACKGROUND: Topical retinoic acid (RA) causes irritation of the skin. To prevent this side effect, natural precursors of RA have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to compare the local tolerance profiles of retinol (ROL), retinaldehyde (RAL) and RA.
METHODS: ROL, RAL and RA were studied using repeated insult patch tests for 14 days (n = 6). Similarly, RAL and RA were assessed in long-term clinical use for 44 weeks (n = 355). Clinical scoring on irritation, measurement of transepidermal water loss (barrier function) and laser Doppler blood flow perfusion units (irritation) were performed.
RESULTS: Under maximized conditions, an equally low irritation potential for ROL and RAL and a more pronounced irritant effect with RA could be demonstrated clinically (p < 0.05 in the intergroup analysis). Furthermore, RAL and RA induced more scaling than ROL (p < 0.05), and ROL and RA tended to induce more burning/pruritus than RAL (nonsignificant). The TEWL values were low with ROL and high with RAL and RA (nonsignificant, intergroup analysis). The laser Doppler measurements confirmed pro-irritating effects of RA and the nonirritating effects of ROL and RAL (p = 0. 001, intergroup analysis). The long-term clinical study showed that the study population developed a high frequency of erythema (44% of the population), scaling (35%) and burning/pruritus (29%) with RA in the first 4 weeks of treatment, whereas these 3 parameters were significantly less frequent with RAL (p < 0.0001 in the intergroup analysis).
CONCLUSION: The natural retinoids ROL and RAL do have a good tolerance profile, in contrast with the irritating potential of RA. |
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